Jacquard loom



Sept. 15, 1942 H. STOEHR JACQUARD LQOM Filed July 27, 1939 2Sheets-Shgetl g INVENTOR:

films Sioehr A TTORNE Y Sept, 15, 1942. H. STOEHR z fig JAc uAxga LOOMFiled July 27, 1939 2 sheets sheei 2 IN V EN TOR:

ans Sloehr M WM TORNEY Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE J ACQUARD LOOM Hans Stoehr, Philadelphia, Pa.

Application July 2'7, 1939, Serial No. 286,823

11 Claims.

The object of the invention is to provide improvements in Jacquard loomsbroadly, and more especially in so-called rise and fall machines.

Another object is to provide a machine of this type, which overcomes thedeficiencies of the present machines of this type having a stationaryknife, and to provide for the weaving of double pile fabrics, suclr asplushes, velvets, friezes, moquettes, rugs, carpets and the like, insuch manner that the top and bottom pieces have the same weight andconstruction, while the unused warp pile threads are woven equally inboth the said top and bottom pieces, so that there is no floating ofthese unused warp pile threads on the bottom piece.

Heretofore, a machine of this type has the disadvantage of operating atno greater than a mere one-half of its possible capacity, which in otherwords means that an ordinary 600 hook machine controls only 300 warppile threads, since for the operation of each such pile thread each pairof needles requires apair of hooks, whereas in the improved constructionand operation, each hook and needle controls one pile thread andconsequently a 600 hook machine controls 600 warp pile threads, so thatthe increased possibilities to weave larger patterns, as well as thecapacity of the new machine, are considerably greater than those of anyother jacquard machine known to date, adapted for the type ofweavingherein referred to.

A further object, therefore, comprises the fact that existing machines,either with or without a stationary knife, can be converted to do thesame work as machines of the newtype, by separating from the crank theshafts that move the levers of the griff or knife grate and the hookgrate, and instead of said crank using a cam for the griff lever and asecond cam for the hook grate lever, while at the same time eliminatingthe stationary knives and adding them to the movable griif or knifeframe. This alteration increases the efiiciency of the former type ofjacquard machine with a stationary knife by no less than one hundredpercent, and in addition thereto both the said altered and new machinescon be used on a single or double shuttle loom, to accomplish the manyadvantages hereinafter set forth.

With the objects thus briefly stated, the invention comprises furtherdetails of construction and operation, which are fully brought out inthe following specification, when read in conjunction with theaccompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents themiddle position of the odd and even griff or knife grates and the upperposition of the bottom hook grate after the prism presses the card uponthe needles so as to operatively position the hooks with respect to theknives; Fig. 2 shows the odd and even grifis or knife grates afterhaving ascended into their upper positions, following which the shuttlepasses through the resulting shed; Fig. 3 shows the same assembly afterthe even grifis or knife grates have returned to middle position and theodd grifi or knife grate has descended to lower position, while thebottom hook grate has also descended to a lower position from that shownin Figs. 1 and 2 and through the newly formed shed, resulting from thisarrangement of the elements involved, the next shuttle passes; Fig. 4represents the same arrangement as in Fig. l, with the exception that asecond need-1e has passed through the card; Fig. 5 shows the assembly inwhich the same needle as in Fig. 4 has passed through the card, but withboth sets of odd and even knives in upper position; Fig. 6 shows theeven knives having returned to middle position, while the odd kniveshave descended to lower position, and the bottom hook grate having alsodescended to its lower position, while the same needle as in Figs. 4 and5 extends through the card; Fig. 7 shows the cam employed to operate theodd knives; Fig. 8 shows the cam employed to operate the even knives;Fig. 9 shows a cam employed to operate the bottom hook grate; Figs. 10to 13 inclusive comprise diagrammatic views, similar to Figs. 1 to 6,inclusive, but illustrating the arrangement of an old rise and fallmachine equipped with the present improvement; Fig. 10 shows the knivesand hook grate in middle position when the card is pressed upon thefirst and third needle; Fig. l1 shows the first and third hook raised bythe knives which have ascended to upper position, while the bottom hookgrate remains in middle position and the shed is formed for passing ofthe shuttle; Fig. 12 being similar to Fig. 10, with the exception of adifferent registry of needles with the card; and Fig. '13 representingthe next shed for the passing of the shuttle when the knives are againin middle position and the bottom hook grate has descended to its lowerposition, thus taking with it those hooks which are not restrained inmid- -d le position by the knives; Fig. 14 represents a grate; Fig. 15represents a second cam adapted for attachment to such a machine for thepurpose of operating the bottom hook grate; Fig. 16 represents anordinary V-Weave; Fig. 17 represents a V-weave with floating effect;Fig. 18 represents a Wilton weave; Fig. 19 represents a W-weave; andFig. 20 represents a W-weave with ground effect.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 of the drawings, the structure hereillustrated represents diagrammatically the mechanism of a new machineequipped with the present improvement. There are here illustrated fourneedles, numbered I, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, progressing from top tobottom, and each of these needles being in engagement with a hook, andof these four hooks 5, 6, I and 8, progressing from left to right, thefirst and third comprising double fish hooks, while the second andfourth comprise single hooks, and the even hooks being for the bottompiece. The first double fish hook is positioned so as to oscillatebetween and in selective alternative contact with odd and even knives 9and I0, the second hook 6 being adapted to engage or disengage a singleodd knife H, the third hook I being oscillatable between and inselective alternative contact with odd and even knives I2 and I3, andthe last hook 8 being engageable with or, in disengagement from an oddknife [4 as the case may be, the knives of each pair being positionedface to face. In this Fig. .1, the uppermost needle I extends throughthe operatively positioned section of a jacquard card l5, supported bythe usual prism i6 and with all of said hooks resting upon a bottom hookgrate I1, the superimposed hook grate l8 being inoperative inthisposition.

In Fig.2, the same needle I is in engagement with the card section l5,while the two hook grates are also in the same position as in Fig. 1,but the odd and even knives have been raised to the uppermost position,thereby lifting the first and third hooks 5 and T, which comprise thedouble fish hooks of the set. In Fig. 3 with the uppermost needle Istill in engagement with the said card, the even knives If] and I3 havebeen returned to their middle position, while the odd knives 9, II, l2and I4 have descended into the lowermost position, it being also notedthat the second of said even knives l3 in middle position operates torestrain further descent of the second double fish hook I, while theother hooks 5, 6 and B have descended to their lowermost positions undercontrol of the movable bottom hook grate i1.

Fig. 4 shows the same structure with the even and odd knives, and theseveral hooks and the two hook grates in the same position as indicatedby Fig. 1, but with the second needle in engagement with the cardsection l5. Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4 except that the first threehooks 5, 6, and l have been lifted from the bottom hook grate by andupon a corresponding elevation of the griff into its upper position, butwith the fourth hook 8 remaining in middle position upon the bottom hookgrate, as a result of this hook: being free from engagement with theadjacent odd knife l4. Finally, in this series Fig. 6 shows the sameassembly, but with the bottom hook grate having descended to lowerposition, the even knives having returned to middle position and the oddknives having descended to their lowermost position, thereby causing thesaid even knives to maintain the first and third hooks 5 and l in middleposition, while the second and fourth knives 6 and B have descended totheir lowermost position.

For operating the odd knives in a machine of otherwise well-knownconstruction, the cam 20 of Fig. 7 is employed. Referring to theradially extending lines of dashes in this figure, what might be termedthe northwest line represents the relative position of the operatinglever for the odd knife position shown in Fig. 1, the nort portioncorresponding with Fig. 2, the east position corresponding with Fig. 3,the southeast position corresponding with Fig. 4, the south positioncorresponding with Fig. 5 and the west position corresponding with Fig.6, each as so indicated. For operating the even knives of such a riseand fall machine, the cam 2! of Fig. 8 is employed, and referring to theradial lines of dashes in this figure, they represent the respectivepositions of said even knives in the same figures enumerated as for thefirst cam 20. Finally, for operating the bottom hook plate, the cam 22of Fig. 9 is employed, and the radial lines of this figure similarlyrepresenting' the positions of said bottom hook plate as shown in therespective Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive.

The odd knive set requires a maximum movement from upper to lowerposition through an intermediate position, so that the warp pile threadcan be either in the corresponding top, middle or bottom position. Theeven knife set, on the other hand, needs to move only between top andmiddle positions, while the hook grate moves only between middle andbottom position.

Referring to Figs 10 to 15, inclusive, there is here shown indiagrammatic form the construction and operation of the invention asapplied to an old rise and fall machine which has been so altered as toincorporate the improved features of the present invention. With this inmind, Fig. 10 shows four single hooks, 25, 26, 21 and 23, operativelyassociated with a series of knives 29, which in this case are only ofthe one character, corresponding with the odd knives of the embodimentof the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, and it beingunderstood that in this modified embodiment of the invention all of thesaid knives 29 rise and fall as a unit. The needles in this case arealso associated with a stationary hook grate 3i] and with a movablebottom hook grate 3|, while four needles 32, 33, 34 and 35,corresponding with the respective hooks 25, 26, 21 and 28, are adaptedto engage and register with properly arranged apertures in the card 36,as its sections are successively positioned operatively by the prism 31.

In Figs. 10 and 11, the bottom hook grate 3| is in upper position, andin each of these figures the first and third hooks 32 and 35 are inregistry with apertures in the card 35. However, in Fig. 10 all of thesaid hooks are in middle position by virtue of the lower positioning ofthe knives forming the griff 29, and the upper position of the hookgrate 3|. By contrast, this relationship of the hooks is altered in Fig.11, when the said griff rises and elevates the first and third hooks 25and 21, since they are in engagement with their respective elevatingknives, since their respective needles are in laterally shifted positionas determined by the card 36.

Referring to Figs. 12 and 13, a condition is here shown which embodies alateral shifting of only the third needle 33 by the card, and all ofsaid hooks being in middle position in Fig. 12 resting upon the raisedbottom hook grate in its upper position, while the griff 29 is in itslower position. However, with such an arrangement when the bottom hook grate descends to its lower position, as shown in Fig. 13, the laterallyshifted third hook 2'! is retained in middle position by engagement withits adjacent knife in the griif 29. Thus, with variations in the lateralpositions of the several needles and the vertical positions of the grifiand bottom hook grate, any desired combination of hook arrangement canbe attained for producing the desired weave. Figs. I and 11 show theposition of the several elements after the prism has been pressed uponthe needles, so as to thereby bring the hooks into their requiredpositions. In Figs. 11 and 13 the shed has been formed for passing ofthe shuttle.

In altering an old rise and fall machine so as to contain the embodimentof the invention thus described, said machine is equipped with a "cam38, shown in Fig. 14, for operating the knives or griff of Figs. to 13,while for operating the bottom hook grate in the same figures, aseparate cam 39, shown in Fig. is employed, and so arranged as to rotatein synchronism with said last mentioned cam, while both of said cams areconnected to the respective elements actuated by them by means of wellknown conventional mechanisms. Referring first to Fig. 14, the radiallines of dashes indicate the positions of the cam 38 for the respectivepositions of the griif or knife grate of the assembly as shown in Figs.10 to 13 inclusive, as follows: northwest, Fig, 10; north, Fig. 11;northeast, Fig. 12; east, Fig. 13; southeast, Fig. 10; south, Fig. 11;southeast Fig. 12; and west, Fig. 13 again. Similarly, the respectiveradial lines of clashes in Fig. 15 represent the positions of the cam 39for the respective positions of the bottom hook grate for the samefigures and in the same order, as listed for said last-mentioned cam. Ineach case, in weaving pile fabric the top pile thread weaves into thebottom, while the bottom pile thread weaves into the top.

As illustrating the types of the weaves which may be produced by amachine, either initially provided with or altered so as to incorporatethe present invention, Figs. 16 to are included in the drawings. Fig. 16shows a simple form of V-weave such as that employed in producing plainmoquette and velour carpets; Fig. 17 illustrates a V-weave with floatingeffect, such for instance as jacquard plush with floating pile war-p;Fig, 18 will be recognized as illustrating the well-known Wilton weave;Fig. 19 representing the W-weave; and Fig. 20 representing the W-weavewith ground effect.

Although these several weaves shown in Figs. 16 to -20 inclusive arewidely different in their structure and resulting visualcharacteristics, they all include in common one primary feature, andthat being that they are alike as to the adjacent surfaces of the upperand lower pieces when finally separated in well-known manner. It is alsoto be understood, that while five types of weaving are hereinillustrated, there are innumerable other weaving constructions which canbe produced equally well by the new machine construction. In additionthereto, the new and altered machine as herein set forth can be used aseither for a single or double shuttle loom, whereby making such alteredmachine capable of weaving among others the several types of weavesshown in Figs, 16 to 20 of the drawings, while in addition jacquards soconstructed can also be employed for tapestry weaving.

When producing V-weave of Fig. 16, the Wilton weave of Fig. 18, and theW-weave' of Fig. 19 with the new machine, it is to be noted that onlyone, two or three cards are required for each repeat, whereas for theother weaves illustrated, namely, the modified V-weave of Fig. 17 andthe 'W-weave of Fig. 20, one card is required for each pick. The alteredmachine requires only one card for each pick in all weave constructions.Finally, and in order to better explain the action of the machine inrelation to the several weave formations, the positions indicated byFigs. 2, 3, -5, 6, 11 and 13 are shown on Fig. 16.

Finally, reverting to Figs. l to 9, inclusive, while one form of themachine is here shown in which the odd knife has three and the evenknife has but two positions, it is to be understood that by a mereredesigning or reshaping of the knifecontrolling cams, (Figs. 7 and 8)this condition may be reversed, or both of the odd and even knives maybe given three positions.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a pair of elevatableknife grates movable in the same vertical plane and at times being inthe same horizontal plane, a vertically movable hook grate, a set ofhooks engageable with said knife grates and adapted to rest upon and tobe moved by said hook grates, a need-1e for each hook, a card to controlthe movement of each needleand-hook unit, and means to shift said knifegrates independently of each other and independently of said hook grate.

2. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a pair of odd and evenknife grates, a hook grate, a set of double hooks engageable selectivelywith said odd and even knife grates, a set of single hooks eitherengaged with or disengaged from said odd knife grate and all of saidhooks being adapted to rest upon said hook grate, whereby hooks notelevated by one of said knife grates may be lowered by said hook grate,a needle for each hook, a card to control the movement of eachneedle-and-hook unit, and means to shift said even knife grate betweenupper and intermediate positions, said odd knife grate between upper,middle and lower positions, and said hook grate between middle and lowerpositions, all independently of one another.

3. A rise and fall jacquard machine, comprising odd and even knifegrates, a hook grate, said knife and hook grates being verticallymovable, a plurality of substantially alternately positioned single anddouble hooks, said double hooks being engageable selectively with saidknife grates, said single hooks being engageable with the odd knifegrate, and both single and double hooks adapted to be lowered by saidhook grate when not elevated by a knife grate, a needle for each hook, acard to control the movement of each needleand-hook unit, and means toshift said knife grate and said hook grates independently of each other.

4. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single anddouble hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, amovable hook grate engageable with all of said hooks, a movable oddknife grate adapted to support those hooks which have been shifted intoa given position, a movable even knife grate having one-half the numberof grates as said odd knife grate, said odd and even grates being nestedso as to lie at times in the same horizontal plane and movable in thesame vertical plane, and said even knife grate being operative to engageonly those double hooks which are in other than said given position.

5. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single anddouble hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively,individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movablehook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pilethreads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks whichhave been moved into a given position, and an even knife grate adaptedto engage only those double hooks which are in in other than said givenposition.

6. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single anddouble hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively,individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movablehook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lower pilethreads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooks f theupper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a givenposition, to lift said moved hooks to the upper position and to leave inor shift said moved hooks to either top, middle or lower positions, anda movable even knife grate, having knives opposed to adjacent knives insaid odd knife grate, and operative to engage those double hooks whichare in a position other than said given position, to keep the upper pilethreads in either the top or middle positions.

'7. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of singleand double hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, amovable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lowerpile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooksof the upper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a givenposition to lift said moved hooks to the upper position and to leave inor shift said moved hooks to either top, middle or lower positions, anda movable even knife grate, operative to engage those double hooks ofthe upper pile threads in a position other than said given position, tokeep the upper pile threads in either the top or middle positions, and amovable hook grate operative to engage those single hooks of the lowerpile threads in a position other than said given position, to keep thosesingle hooks either in the middle or lower positions, and means toactuate said hook grate and said knife grates independently of oneanother.

8. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single anddouble hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively, amovable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of the upper and lowerpile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative to engage those hooksof the upper and lower pile threads which have been moved into a givenposition to form the pile in a double web, a movable even knife grateadapted to engage those double hooks of the upper pile threads in aposition other than said given position, to keep those unengaged upperpile threads in the top or middle positions, to

weave those unused pile threads into the top piece, a movable hook grateengageable with those single hooks of the lower pile threads in aposition other than said given position, to keep said threads in middleor lower position, to weave the lower unused pile threads into thebottom piece, and means to operate said knife and said hook gratesindependently of one another.

9- A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of two sets of single anddouble hooks, a prism and needles to shift said hooks selectively,individual needles controlling each of the respective hooks, a movablehook grate operative to support those single hooks to be moved frommiddle to lower positions and reversely, a movable odd knife grateadapted to engage those hooks to be moved either to top, middle or lowerpositions, a movable even knife grate adapted to engage those doublehooks to be moved either to the top, middle or lower positions, andmeans to move said hook and knife grates independently of one another.

10. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of spaced double hooksconnected to the upper pile threads, intervening single hooks connectedto the lower pile threads, a prism and needles to shift said hooksselectively, a movable hook grate adapted to support all hooks of theupper and lower pile threads, a movable odd knife grate operative toengage those hooks which have been moved into a given position, and aneven knife grate adapted to engage only those double hooks which are inother than said given position.

11. A Jacquard loom, comprising the combination of a set of singlehooks, each hook controlling one warp thread, a prism and individualneedles controlling each of the respective vertical hooks selectively, amovable knife grate operative to engage in the middle vertical positionthose hooks which have been shifted into a given lateral position bysaid needles, to lift those hooks into the top vertical position for thefirst pick and to return them subsequently to the middle position, amovable hook grate operative to support in the middle vertical positionthose hooks which are in lateral position other than said givenposition, to hold said last-mentioned hooks in the middle position forthe first pick, said movable knife grate being operative to continue toengage in the middle position those hooks which have been shifted intosaid given lateral position, to hold said last-mentioned hooks in themiddle position for the second pick, said movable hook grate beingoperative to support in the middle position those hooks in other thansaid given lateral position, to move them to the bottom verticalposition for the second pick and to return them subsequently to themiddle position, and means to move said knife grate and said hook gratealternately for consecutive picks independently of one another, saidknife grate being movable while said hook grate is at rest and viceversa.

HANS STOEHR.

